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1.
Int. j. morphol ; 36(4): 1161-1167, Dec. 2018. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-975675

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY The objective of the present study was to analyze the effects of four different training models, two aerobic and two anaerobic models, in relation to muscular hypertrophy, by means of morphometric analysis of the muscle cells of the soleus muscle and the extensor digitorum longus muscle (EDL). The animals were divided into five groups, control (C), aerobic training in swimming (ATS), resistance training in water (RTW), aerobic training on a treadmill (ATT), and resistance training in climbing (RTC). The aerobic training was performed at 70 % of the anaerobic threshold for 30 minutes, while the RTW was composed of 3 series of 10 jumps, and the RTC 4 series of climbs, both at 80 % of the maximum load. All training protocols were performed for a total period of 4 weeks, 3 times per week. The diameters of the muscle cells were measured by means of histological slides of the EDL and soleus muscles. For the EDL muscle, there was no difference between the ATS and ATT aerobic training models (p = 0.20). However, the RTW presented greater hypertrophy when compared to the RTC (p <0.01). Regarding the soleus muscle, the ATS was responsible for generating greater hypertrophy than the ATT (p <0.01). In addition, the RTC was more efficient at producing hypertrophy than the RTW (p <0.01). In this way, it was concluded that exercise adaptation was according to exercise type, aerobic or anaerobic, and not to the modality used.


RESUMEN El objetivo del estudio fue analizar los efectos de cuatro diferentes modelos de entrenamiento, dos aeróbicos y dos anaeróbicos en la hipertrofia muscular en ratas, a través del análisis morfométrico de las células musculares de los músculos sóleo y extensor largo de los dedos (ELD). Los animales fueran divididos en cinco grupos: control (C), entrenamiento aeróbico en natación (TAN), entrenamiento resistido en medio acuático (TRA), entrenamiento resistido en escalada (TRE) y entrenamiento aeróbico en estera rodante (TRE). Los entrenamientos aeróbicos fueron realizados a 70 % del umbral anaeróbico, durante 30 minutos, en cuanto los TRA fueron realizados por 3 series de 10 saltos y el TRE, 4 series de escaladas, ambos a la intensidad de 80 % de la carga máxima. Todos los protocolos de entrenamientos fueron realizados tres veces a la semana por un período de 4 semanas. Fueron demarcados los diámetros de las células musculares de los músculos ELD y sóleo por medio de láminas histológicas. En el músculo ELD no se pudo observar diferencia entre los modelos de entrenamiento aeróbico TAN y TAE (p=0,20). Además, el TRA demostró mayor hipertrofia comparado al TRE (p<0,01). Con relación al músculo sóleo, el TAN fue responsable de generar mayor hipertrofia respecto al TRA (p<0,01). De este modo es posible concluir que la adaptación depende del tipo de ejercicio, aeróbico o anaeróbico, y no en función de la modalidad utilizada.


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Exercise/physiology , Muscles/anatomy & histology , Muscles/physiology , Physical Endurance , Swimming/physiology , Body Weight , Adaptation, Physiological , Rats, Wistar , Hypertrophy
2.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 107(1): 33-39, July 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-792492

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background: Right-sided heart failure has high morbidity and mortality, and may be caused by pulmonary arterial hypertension. Fractal dimension is a differentiated and innovative method used in histological evaluations that allows the characterization of irregular and complex structures and the quantification of structural tissue changes. Objective: To assess the use of fractal dimension in cardiomyocytes of rats with monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension, in addition to providing histological and functional analysis. Methods: Male Wistar rats were divided into 2 groups: control (C; n = 8) and monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension (M; n = 8). Five weeks after pulmonary arterial hypertension induction with monocrotaline, echocardiography was performed and the animals were euthanized. The heart was dissected, the ventricles weighed to assess anatomical parameters, and histological slides were prepared and stained with hematoxylin/eosin for fractal dimension analysis, performed using box-counting method. Data normality was tested (Shapiro-Wilk test), and the groups were compared with non-paired Student t test or Mann Whitney test (p < 0.05). Results: Higher fractal dimension values were observed in group M as compared to group C (1.39 ± 0.05 vs. 1.37 ± 0.04; p < 0.05). Echocardiography showed lower pulmonary artery flow velocity, pulmonary acceleration time and ejection time values in group M, suggesting function worsening in those animals. Conclusion: The changes observed confirm pulmonary-arterial-hypertension-induced cardiac dysfunction, and point to fractal dimension as an effective method to evaluate cardiac morphological changes induced by ventricular dysfunction.


Resumo Fundamento: Insuficiência cardíaca direita apresenta grande morbimortalidade e pode ser causada por hipertensão arterial pulmonar. Um método diferenciado e inovador utilizado em avaliações histológicas é a dimensão fractal, que permite a caracterização de estruturas irregulares e complexas e pode quantificar alterações estruturais dos tecidos. Objetivo: Avaliar a utilização do método da dimensão fractal nos cardiomiócitos de ratos com hipertensão arterial pulmonar induzida por monocrotalina, associada com análise histológica e funcional. Métodos: Ratos Wistar machos foram divididos em 2 grupos: controle (C; n = 8) e hipertensão arterial pulmonar induzida por monocrotalina (M; n = 8). Após 5 semanas da indução da hipertensão arterial pulmonar pela monocrotalina, foi realizado ecocardiograma. Os animais foram eutanasiados, o coração dissecado e os ventrículos pesados para avaliação dos parâmetros anatômicos. Lâminas histológicas foram confeccionadas, coradas com hematoxilina/eosina para análise da dimensão fractal, realizada pelo método box-counting . Inicialmente foi testada a normalidade dos dados (teste Shapiro Wilk) e a comparação entre os grupos foi por meio do teste t de Student não pareado ou teste de Mann Whitney (p < 0,05). Resultados: Maiores valores da dimensão fractal foram observados no grupo M em comparação ao C (1,43 ± 0,06 vs. 1,37 ± 0,04; p < 0,05). O ecocardiograma apontou menores valores no grupo M para velocidade máxima pulmonar, tempo de aceleração pulmonar e tempo de ejeção, sugerindo piora funcional nesses animais, que também apresentaram hipertrofia cardíaca. Conclusão: As alterações observadas comprovam a disfunção cardíaca induzida pela hipertensão arterial pulmonar e apontam que a dimensão fractal é um método eficaz para avaliar alterações morfológicas cardíacas induzidas pela disfunção ventricular.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Fractals , Heart Failure/etiology , Heart Failure/pathology , Hypertension, Pulmonary/complications , Hypertension, Pulmonary/pathology , Reference Values , Stroke Volume/physiology , Echocardiography , Reproducibility of Results , Monocrotaline , Rats, Wistar , Ventricular Dysfunction, Right/physiopathology , Ventricular Dysfunction, Right/pathology , Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/physiopathology , Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/pathology , Myocytes, Cardiac/pathology , Disease Models, Animal , Heart Failure/physiopathology , Hypertension, Pulmonary/physiopathology
3.
Rev. bras. ciênc. mov ; 24(1): 108-117, jan.-mar. 2016. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-859591

ABSTRACT

O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o efeito do treinamento físico aeróbio (TFA) e a sua associação com estatinas no controle do perfil lipídico em modelo experimental animal com dislipidemia. Este estudo experimental utilizou ratos machos Wistar submetidos a ração comercial e sedentários (GRS), ração comercial e TFA (GRTAF), á dieta hipercolesterolêmica mantidos sedentários (GDHS) e submetidos ao TFA (GDHTFA), à dieta hipercolesterolêmica, sinvastatina, sedentários (GDHSiS) e submetidos ao TFA (GDHSiTFA), à dieta hipercolesterolêmica, fluvastatina, sedentários (GDHFS) e treinados (GDHFTFA).O TFA foi realizado em esteira rolante durante oito semanas. Foi realizado o teste t-teste de Student pareado, com nível de significância para p < 0,05. Notou-se redução significante no nível sérico CT associado ao TFA, exceto em GDHSiTFA, comparado aos sedentários. Observou-se redução nos níveis séricos de HDLc nos grupos GDHFTA (12,1±2,6mg/dL) e GDHS (15,2±2,9mg/dL), comparado aos demais. Houve aumento da fração não-HDLc em GDHSiTFA, GRS e GDHS (76,8±28,4; 71,4±19,9; 62,9±17,3mg/dL, respectivamente), comparado aos demais (GRTFA=52,8±18 mg/dL; GDHTFA=50,4±7,1 mg/dL; GDHSiS=45,4±15,3mg/dL; GDHFTFA-47,1±21mg/dL; GDHFS (52,3±14,8mg/dL). Notou-se, redução nos níveis séricos de triglicérides nos grupos GDHFTFA (53,3±33mg/dL) e GDHSiS (45,1±20,0) e GDHFS (79,3±23,3mg/dL), exceto em GDHSiTFA (89,6±30,4mg/dL), e GRS (108,2±20,6mg/dL). Conclui-se que o TFA associado à fluvastatina parece potencializar o tratamento da dislipidemia considerando a redução de CT se comparado à simvastatina; no entanto, alterações em HDLc foram resistentes mesmo com o uso de TFA e hipolipemiantes. A variação nos níveis de triglicérides e não-HDLc dificulta avaliar a associação entre TFA e hipolipemiantes, exigindo continuidade dos estudos, especialmente do protocolo de treinamento físico.(AU)


The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of physical training (TFA) and its association with statins in the control of the lipidic profile in an experimental model for dislipidemic animals. To achieve that, male Wistar rats were submitted to commercial ration diet and sedentaries (GRS), commercial ration diet and TFA (GRTFA), hypercholesterolemic diet and sedentaries (GDHS), hypercholesterolemic diet and TFA (GDHTFA), hypercholesterolemic diet, simvastatin and sedentaries (GDHSiS), hypercholesterolemic diet, simvastatin and TFA (GDHSiTFA), hypercholesterolemic diet, fluvastatin and sedentaries (GDHFS) and hypercholesterolemic diet, fluvastatin and TFA (GDHFTFA). TFA was performed using treadmill during eight weeks. The paired t Student test was performed and the level of significance considered in the comparative statistics was p<0.05. Total cholesterol level (CT) in rats subjected to TFA was lower than in sedentary rats, except in GDHSiTFA. There was a reduction in HDLc level in GDHTFA (12.1±2.6mg/dL) and GDHS (15.2±2.9mg/dL), comparing to the other groups. Increased non-HDL fraction was observed in GDHSiTFA, GRS and GDHS (76.8±28.4; 71.4±19.9; 62.9±17.3mg/dL, respectively) when compared to the others (GRTFA=52.8±18 mg/dL; GDHTFA =50.4±7.1 mg/dL; GDHSiS=45.4±15.3mg/dL; GDHFTFA-47.1±21mg/dL; GDHFS (52.3±14.8mg/dL). There was an reduction in triglycerides levels in GDHFTFA (53.3±33mg/dL), GDHSiS (45.1±20.0) and GDHFS (79.3±23.3mg/dL), except in GDHSiTFA (89.6±30.4mg/dL) and GRS (108.2±20.6mg/dL). In conclusion, dyslipidemia treatment seems to be improved by TFA associated to fluvastatine, considering the reduction of CT, compared to simvastatin. However, HDLc changes are resistant even with TFA and lipid-lowering therapy. Changes in triglycerides levels and non-HDLc make it difficult to evaluate the association between TFA and lipid-lowering therapy. Further studies are necessary to elucidate this, especially the physical training protocol.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Dyslipidemias , Exercise , Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors
4.
Conscientiae saúde (Impr.) ; 14(3): 440-448, 30 set. 2015.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-2069

ABSTRACT

Introdução: Poucos estudos demonstram a ação da hidroterapia no comportamento da ansiedade e depressão em gestantes. Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito da hidroterapia sobre o nível de depressão e ansiedade, além de investigar possíveis associações destes sintomas com perfil sociodemográfico de gestantes. Métodos: Realizou-se avaliação inicial em 19 gestantes, com média de idade de 28,37±4,56 anos, e aplicou-se questionário sobre os níveis de ansiedade e depressão antes e após protocolo de hidroterapia de oito semanas. Resultados: Constatou-se predominância de mulheres casadas (63,15%), no terceiro trimestre gestacional (97,7%), com nível educacional elevado (52,63%). Não houve alterações nos níveis de ansiedade e depressão após intervenção de hidroterapia. Não foram encontradas associações entre perfil sociodemográfico e níveis de ansiedade e depressão. Conclusões: Não houve alterações nos sintomas de ansiedade e depressão das gestantes submetidas à hidroterapia. Além disso, não foram observadas associações entre características sociodemográficas e sintomas de ansiedade e depressão nessa população.


Introduction: Few studies have demonstrated the action of hydrotherapy in the behavior of anxiety and depression in pregnant women. Objective: To evaluate the effect of hydrotherapy on the levels of depression and anxiety; and to investigate possible associations of these symptoms with socio-demographic profile of pregnant women. Methods: An initial assessment was carried out, and also questionnaires about the levels of anxiety and depression before and after eight weeks of hydrotherapy protocol. Results: We evaluated 19 pregnant women who had a mean age of 28.37 ± 4.56 years. It was found a predominance of married women (63.15%) in the third trimester (97.7%), with high educational level (52.63%). There were no changes in the levels of anxiety and depression after hydrotherapy intervention. There were no associations between socio-demographic profile and levels of anxiety and depression. Conclusions: There were no changes in symptoms of anxiety and depression of pregnant women undergoing hydrotherapy. In addition, there were no associations between socio-demographic characteristics and symptoms of anxiety and depression.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Adult , Young Adult , Anxiety/prevention & control , Depression/prevention & control , Hydrotherapy , Exercise/psychology , Prospective Studies , Social Determinants of Health , Sociodemographic Factors
5.
Rev. bras. ginecol. obstet ; 36(6): 244-250, 06/2014. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-716357

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: This study investigated short-term changes in body composition, handgrip strength, and presence of lymphedema in women who underwent breast cancer surgery. METHODS: Ninety-five women participated in a cross-sectional study, divided into two groups: Control (n=46), with healthy women, and Experimental (n=49), with women six months after breast cancer surgery . The Experimental Group was subdivided into right total mastectomy (RTM, n=15), left total mastectomy (LTM, n=11), right quadrant (RQ, n=13), and left quadrant (LQ, n=10). It was also redistributed among women with presence (n=10) or absence (n=39) of lymphedema. Presence of lymphedema, handgrip strength, and body composition were assessed. RESULTS: Trunk lean mass and handgrip strength were decreased in the Experimental Group. Total lean mass was increased in the LTM compared to RTM or LQ. Left handgrip strength in LTM was decreased compared to RTM and RQ and in LQ compared to RTM and RQ. Finally, total lean mass, trunk fat mass, trunk lean mass, right and left arm lean mass were increased in women with lymphedema. CONCLUSIONS: Breast cancer survivors have changes in their body composition and in handgrip strength six months after surgery; however, the interaction between the type of surgery and its impact is unclear. Furthermore, women who developed lymphedema in this period showed more significant changes in the body composition, but they were not enough to cause impairment in handgrip strength. .


OBJETIVO: Este estudo investigou alterações de curto prazo na composição corporal, na força de preensão palmar e na presença de linfedema em mulheres submetidas à cirurgia do câncer de mama. MÉTODOS: Noventa e cinco mulheres participaram de um estudo transversal, sendo divididas em dois grupos: Controle (n=46), mulheres saudáveis, e Experimental (n=49), mulheres seis meses após cirurgia do câncer de mama. O Grupo Experimental foi subdividido em mastectomia total direita (RTM, n=15), mastectomia total esquerda (LTM, n=11), quadrantectomia direita (RQ, n=13) e quadrantectomia esquerda (LQ, n=10). Também foi redistribuído entre mulheres com presença (n=10) ou ausência (n=39) de linfedema. Foram avaliadas a presença de linfedema, a força de preensão palmar e a composição corporal. RESULTADOS: A massa magra de tronco e a força de preensão palmar estavam diminuídas no Grupo Experimental. Massa magra total estava aumentada na LTM comparada à RTM ou LQ. Força de preensão palmar esquerda na LTM estava diminuída comparada à RTM e RQ e em LQ comparada à RTM e RQ. Finalmente, massa magra total, magra e gorda de tronco e massa magra de braço esquerdo e direito estavam aumentadas em mulheres com linfedema. CONCLUSÕES: Sobreviventes do câncer de mama possuem alterações na composição corporal e na força de preensão palmar seis meses após a cirurgia, porém a interação entre o tipo de cirurgia e seu impacto não está clara. Além disso, mulheres que desenvolveram linfedema neste período mostraram alterações mais significantes na composição corporal, mas que não foram suficientes para causar prejuízo na força de preensão palmar. .


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Body Composition , Breast Neoplasms/surgery , Hand Strength , Lymphedema/physiopathology , Postoperative Complications/physiopathology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Lymphedema/etiology , Mastectomy , Postoperative Complications/etiology , Time Factors
6.
Int. j. morphol ; 31(4): 1309-1316, Dec. 2013. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-702310

ABSTRACT

The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of statins associated with physical exercise (PE) in liver cells in dyslipidemic rats through cariometry. The animals were divided into six groups: animals subjected to a hypercholesterolemic diet (HD), simvastatin, with (G1) and without (G2) physical exercise (PE); HD submitted (G3) or not (G4) to PE, and commercial food diet (F) with (G5) and without (G6) PE. Histological analysis of the liver was performed by staining the slides with hematoxylin and eosin. The cariometric study included measuring the major and minor diameters of the hepatocytes nuclei. The Shapiro-Wilk test was also performed. To determine the differences among the groups, the Kruskal-Wallis Test with Dunn's post-test were conducted. The significance level was set at 5 percent. No difference was found in the hepatocytes nuclei between G5 and G6. When these groups were related with G3 and G4, reduced nuclei were observed. There was no difference between G1 and G6. The comparison between G6 and G2 showed that the nuclei in G2 were smaller. No difference was detected between G5 and G1. Changes were observed in the nuclei shape in G2 in comparison to G1. Considering G2 and G3, a decrease in the size of nuclei was observed in G3. On the other hand, G2 showed changes in shape in the comparative analysis with G4. The size and shape of G1 nuclei were larger than G3 as well as changes in shape were observed when compared to G4. G4 showed smaller nuclei than G3. Therefore, F, associated or not with the practice of PE, does not alter the size and shape of the hepatocytes nuclei; HD combined with sedentarism influences changes in the morphometric parameters of hepatocytes; and the association of simvastatin and PE seems to protect the hepatocytes nuclei with regard to HD.


El presente estudio se realizó con la finalidad de evaluar el efecto de las estatinas asociadas con el ejercicio físico (PE) en las células del hígado, en ratas con dislipidemia a través de cariometría. Los animales fueron divididos en seis grupos: animales sometidos a una dieta hipocolesterolemiante (HD), simvastatina, con (G1) y sin (G2) ejercicio físico (PE); HD enviado (G3) o no (G4) para educación física y dieta comercial (F) con (G5) y sin (G6) PE. El análisis histológico del hígado se realizó por tinción de los portaobjetos con hematoxilina y eosina. El estudio cariométrico incluyó la medición de los diámetros mayor y menor de los núcleos de hepatocitos. Se realizó la prueba de Shapiro-Wilk. Para determinar las diferencias entre los grupos, se realizó la prueba de Kruskal-Wallis con Dunn. El nivel de significación se fijó en 5 por ciento. No se encontraron diferencias en los núcleos de hepatocitos entre G5 y G6. Los núcleos fueron observados cuando estos grupos estaban relacionados con G3 y G4. No hubo diferencia entre G1 y G6. La comparación entre G6 y G2 mostró que los núcleos en G2 eran más pequeñas. No se detectaron diferencias entre el G5 y G1. Se observaron cambios en la forma núcleos en G2 en comparación con G1. Considerando G2 y G3, se observó en G3 una disminución en el tamaño de los núcleos. En el análisis comparativo con G4, G2 mostró cambios en la forma . El tamaño y forma de los núcleos G1 eran más grandes que G3, así como cambios en la forma se observaron cuando se compararó con G4. G4 mostraron núcleos menores que G3. Por tanto, F, asociados o no a la práctica de PE, no altera el tamaño y la forma de los núcleos de hepatocitos; HD combinada con influencias sedentarismo cambios en los parámetros morfométricos de los hepatocitos, y la asociación de simvastatina y PE parece proteger a los hepatocitos con respecto a la HD.


Subject(s)
Humans , Exercise , Liver , Liver/physiology , Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors/pharmacology , Simvastatin/pharmacology , Diet , Dyslipidemias , Karyometry
7.
Rev. bras. med. esporte ; 18(3): 198-202, maio-jun. 2012. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-647893

ABSTRACT

As estatinas são utilizadas no tratamento das dislipidemias, com grande tolerância; no entanto, vários efeitos colaterais podem surgir, destacando-se miopatia. A prática regular do exercício físico (EF) produz modificações favoráveis no perfil lipídico; entretanto, pode gerar lesões musculares. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o efeito da associação entre exercício físico e estatinas na função muscular, pela análise histológica, em modelo experimental animal com dislipidemia. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados 80 ratos machos Wistar, distribuídos em oito grupos, incluindo animais submetidos à dieta hipercolesterolêmica (DH), sinvastatina com (G1) e sem (G2) EF; DH e fluvastatina, com (G3) e sem EF (G4); alimentados com ração comercial (RC) na presença (G5) e ausência de (G6) EF; DH submetidos (G7) ou não (G8) a EF. A DH foi administrada por 90 dias, as estatinas e prática de EF em esteira rolante por oito semanas. Os animais foram sacrificados, e o músculo sóleo retirado para análise histológica. Aplicaram-se os testes t de Student pareado e análise multivariada, com nível significante para p < 0,05. RESULTADOS: As principais alterações histológicas encontradas foram fibras de diferentes diâmetros, atróficas, em degeneração, splitting, edema, infiltrado inflamatório. Essas alterações foram observadas em 90% dos animais do grupo G1, 80% do G2, 70% do G3, 30% do G4, 40% do G5 e 30% do G7. Nos grupos G6 e G8 identificaram-se fibras musculares com morfologia preservada. CONCLUSÕES: Na avaliação histológica muscular, a associação entre fluvastatina, sinvastatina e exercício físico acarreta alterações morfológicas com predomínio no uso da sinvastatina, variando de grau leve a grave, no músculo sóleo de ratos, induzidos pelos inibidores da HMG-CoA redutase.


Statins are used in the treatment of dyslipidemias with great tolerance; however, several side effects can arise, mainly myopathies. Regular practice of physical exercises (PE) produces beneficial alteration in the lipid profile, but it can result in muscular lesions. OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the effect of the association between physical exercise and statins in the muscular function through histological analysis in an experimental animal model with dyslipidemia. METHODS: 80 male Wistar mice, distributed in 8 groups, namely: animals submitted to a hypercholesterolemic diet (HD), symvastatin with (G1) and without PE (G2) ; HD and fluvastatin with (G3) and without PE (G4); fed with commercial food (CR) in the presence (G5) and absence of PE (G6); HD submitted (G7) or not (G8) to PE were used. The HD was administered statins and PE practice on treadmill for 90 days for 8 weeks. The animals were sacrificed, and the soleus muscle was removed for histological analysis. Paired t-tests and multivariate analysis were applied with significance level of p<0.05. RESULTS: The most important histological alterations found were fibers with different diameters and atrophic, with degeneration, splitting, edema and inflammatory infiltrate. These alterations were observed in 90% of animals from G1; 80% from G2; 70% from G3; 30% from G4; 40% from G5 and 30% from G7. In the G6 and G8 groups muscular fibers with preserved morphology were identified. CONCLUSION: In the muscular histological evaluation, the association of fluvastatin, symvastatin and physical exercise results in morphological alterations with predominance with the use of simvastatin, varying from a light to a high level, in the soleus muscle of mice, induced by HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors.

8.
Int. j. morphol ; 29(4): 1195-1201, dic. 2011. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-626988

ABSTRACT

The current study aimed to analyze the histochemical and morphological characteristics of the levator ani muscle in rats. For this, we used 10 Wistar rats (5 males and 5 females), weighing between 200 and 765g. The animals were dissected fresh and in formalin for the levator ani muscle anatomical observation. Muscle fragments were collected and frozen in n-Hexane previously cooled in liquid nitrogen. Then, the muscles were transferred to a microtome cryostat (HM 505 E Microm), being fixed in metal mounts with the adhesive Tissue Freezing Medium. Histological sections of 6.0um were removed and subjected to HE staining. Other sections were subjected to NADH-TR and SDH reactions. After being dissected and fixed, the architecture of the female pelvic floor revealed the presence of two muscles: iliocaudalis and pubocaudalis. The anatomical inspection in male rats revealed, pronouncedly, the presence of the levator ani muscle: ischiocavernosus and bulbocavernous. We therefore observed a marked anatomical difference between animals of the same species, which does not occur with humans. The HE staining revealed muscular fibers with preserved morphology, contours ranging from polygonal to rounded, acidophilic cytoplasm, one or more peripheral nuclei with rounded shape and dense chromatin aspect. The fibers were organized in fascicles arranged by a dense connective tissue, the perimysium, and each fiber surrounded by the endomysium, composed of loose connective tissue. The sections subjected to NADH-TH and SDH, whose reactions show the activity of oxidative or glycolytic muscle fibers, allowed the identification of the two types of fiber. The fast-twitch fiber shows weaker reactivity, whereas the slow-twitch fiber has small diameter and intense reactivity, especially in the subsarcolemmal, presenting a highly oxidative metabolism. It was found that the pelvic floor muscles in rats are composed primarily by fast-twitch fibers, while in humans they are...


El estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar las características histoquímicas y morfológicas del músculo elevador del ano en ratas. Para esto, se utilizaron 10 ratas Wistar (5 machos y 5 hembras), con un peso entre 200 y 765g. Los animales fueron disecados frescos y en formol para la observación anatómica del músculo elevador del ano. Fragmentos de músculo fueron recogidos y congelados en n-Hexano, previamente enfriado en nitrógeno líquido. Luego, los músculos fueron trasladados a un micrótomo criostato (Microm HM 505 E), fijados en soportes metálicos con adhesivo Tissue Freezing Medium. Cortes histológicos de 6,0 um fueron retirados y sometidos a tinción de H-E. Otras secciones fueron sometidas a las reacciones de NADH-TR y SDH. Después de haber sido disecado y fijado, la arquitectura del suelo de la pelvis de las ratas hembra, reveló la presencia de dos músculos: m. iliocaudalis y m. pubocaudalis. La inspección anatómica de las ratas macho mostró, marcadamente, la presencia del músculo elevador del ano: isquiocavernoso y bulbocavernoso. Por lo tanto, observamos una marcada diferencia anatómica entre los animales de la misma especie, lo que no ocurre con los seres humanos. La tinción HE reveló fibras musculares con morfología conservada, contornos que van desde el esquema poligonal al redondeado, citoplasma acidófilo, uno o más núcleos periféricos con forma redondeada y un aspecto denso de la cromatina. Las fibras se organizaban en fascículos compuestos por un tejido conectivo denso, perimisio, y cada fibra rodeada por el endomisio compuesto por tejido conectivo laxo. En las secciones sometidas a NADH-TH y SDH, cuyas reacciones muestran la actividad oxidativa o glicolítica de las fibras musculares, permitió la identificación de los dos tipos de fibras. Las fibras de contracción rápida muestran más débil reactividad y, las de contracción lenta tienen un diámetro pequeño y reactividad intensa, especialmente en las regiones subsarcolemales, presentando un...


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Rats , Pelvic Floor/anatomy & histology , Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/metabolism , Muscle, Skeletal/anatomy & histology , Histocytochemistry , Models, Animal , Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism , Rats, Wistar
9.
Arq. ciências saúde UNIPAR ; 13(2): 81-88, maio-ago. 2009. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-577629

ABSTRACT

A cirurgia de câncer de mama está associada, em torno de 70% dos casos, a complicações que podem levar à limitação e diminuição da mobilidade do ombro. Considerando as alterações decorrentes das cirurgias mamárias, o objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma avaliação física do ombro homolateral e contralateral à cirurgia, comparando os resultados obtidos nos dois ombros. Este estudo foi realizado com 21 mulheres submetidas à mastectomia ou quadrandectomia unilateral, incluídas, pelo menos há seis meses, em um programa de reabilitação em fisioterapia. Precedendo o início das avaliações clínicas, uma ficha de avaliação específica para esta população foi desenvolvida, identificando alterações agudas e crônicas. A idade média das pacientes foi 52,10 anos. De acordo com o exame físico, a aderência cicatricial estava presente em 14% das pacientes e o linfedema em 86% destas. Durante a palpação, 95% das pacientes apresentaram dor e pontos-gatilho nos músculos trapézio, esternocleidomastoideo, escalenos e romboides. As medianas da amplitude de movimento do ombro homolateral e contralateral à cirurgia foram: flexão, 130º/154º; extensão, 38º/40º; rotação lateral, 60º/85º; rotação medial, 70º/90º e abdução 115º/145º. De acordo com os resultados, houve uma diminuição significativa em todos os movimentos do ombro homolateral, quando comparado ao contralateral à cirurgia. Diante do exposto, pode-se concluir que a avaliação, por meio da ficha específica, elaborada para pacientes com câncer de mama, foi eficaz para identificar complicações pós-cirúrgicas no ombro desta população. Portanto, esta avaliação foi importante para identificar disfunções físicas, visando à reabilitação e independência nas atividades de vida diária destas mulheres.


The surgery of breast cancer is associated, in around 70% of cases, with complications which can lead to limitation and decrease in shoulder mobility. Considering the changes resulting from breast surgery, the aim of this study was to perform a physical assessment of homolateral and contralateral shoulder surgery, comparing the results obtained in both shoulders. This study was conducted with 21 women undergoing mastectomy or unilateral quadrantectomy including, at least, six months in a physical therapy rehabilitation program. Preceding the onset of clinical assessment, a specific evaluation form to this population was developed, identifying acute and chronic alterations. The average age of patients was 52.10 years. According to the physical examination, there was adherence scar in 14% of patients and in 86% of lymphedema of them. During palpation, 95% of patients had pain and trigger points in trapezius, sternocleidomastoid, scalene and rhomboids. The median of range of motion in homolateral and contralateral shoulder were: flexion, 130º/154º, extension, 38º/40º, external rotation, 60º/85º, medial rotation, 70º/90º and abduction, 115º/145º. According to the results, there were significant decreases in all movements of the homolateral shoulder when they are compared with the contralateral side of surgery. In conclusion, the assessment by the specific form for patients with breast cancer was effective to identify postoperative complications of the shoulder in this population. Therefore, this evaluation was important to identify physical disorders to be aimed at for the these women?s rehabilitation and independence in their daily life activities.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Rehabilitation , Shoulder , Breast Neoplasms , Physical Therapy Specialty
10.
Arq. ciências saúde UNIPAR ; 12(2): 85-92, maio-ago. 2008. tab, ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-513933

ABSTRACT

O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o efeito de diferentes temperaturas no músculo sóleo de ratos submetidos ao treinamento físico. Quinze ratos, da linhagem Wistar, machos, com idade de 100 ± 10 dias e peso variando entre 300 e 350 gramas, foram divididos em: Grupo Controle (n=5), Grupo 12ºC (n=5) e Grupo 33ºC (n=5). Os animais do grupo controle não realizaram o treinamento. Os grupos experimentais 12ºC e 33ºC foram exercitados por 5 semanas, 3 vezes por semana, inicialmente por 15 minutos, sendo o tempo aumentado gradualmente até 60 minutos. Os animais foram sacrificados 24h após o último dia de corrida e amostras do músculo sóleo foram coletadas e congeladas em nitrogênio líquido. Cortes histológicos (8?m) foram submetidos à coloração por HE. No grupo G33ºC, os animais apresentaram grande dificuldade para realizar a corrida, mostrando sinais de fadiga e exaustão. A avaliação histológica do músculo sóleo do grupo controle mostrou fibras musculares com morfologia preservada, aspecto poligonal, núcleos periféricos e organizadas em fascículos pelo perimísio, envoltas pelo endomísio. As características morfológicas identificadas nos animais dos grupos G12ºC e G33ºC foram: fibras de diferentes diâmetros, hipertróficas, atróficas, splitting, intenso infiltrado inflamatório, edema, fagocitose e necrose. Este estudo morfológico encontrou lesões nos dois grupos treinados; não houve diferença no grau de lesão muscular nos dois grupos experimentais, porém os animais do grupo 12ºC não apresentaram dificuldades para realização da corrida. No conjunto, os resultados mostram que o protocolo de treinamento com temperaturas de 12ºC e 33ºC induziu lesões no músculo sóleo de rato.


This study assesses the effects of different temperatures on the rat soleus muscle submitted to physical training. Fifteen male 100±10 yrold, 300-350g, Wistar rats were divided into: Control Group (n=5), 12ºC Group (n=5) and 33ºC Group (n=5). Animals from Control Group performed no exercise. Animals from the experimental 12ºC and 33ºC Groups performed exercises for 5 weeks, 3 times a week, at fi rst for 15 min, increasing gradually to 60 min. The animals were sacrifi ced 24h after the last running day, and soleus muscle samples were collected and frozen in liquid nitrogen. Histological cuts (8?m) were HE-stained. In the 33ºC Group, the animals presented a great diffi cult to keep running, showing signs of fatigue and exhaustion. The histological analysis of the soleus muscle from Control Group showed muscle fi bers with preserved morphology, polygonal aspect, peripherals nucleus and organized in fascicles by perimysium involved by endomysium. The morphological characteristics identifi ed in the animals from the experimental 12ºC and 33ºC Groups were: different diameter fi bers, hypertrophic, atrophic, splitting, intense infl ammatory infi ltrate, edema, phagocytosis, and necrosis. This morphologic study showed injuries in both exercised groups; there was no difference in the muscular lesion grade between the two temperatures, and the best performance was from the 12ºC Group. After all, the result shows that the training protocol at 12ºC and 33ºC induced rat soleus muscle injuries.


Subject(s)
Rats , Muscle, Skeletal/injuries , Physical Conditioning, Animal , Temperature
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